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Tree spiking involves hammering a metal rod, nail, or other material into a tree trunk, either inserting it at the base of the trunk where a logger might be expected to cut into the tree, or higher up where it would affect the saw mill later processing the wood. It is a tactic used to discourage logging, either by creating a mantrap which may injure or kill lumberjacks who attempt to cut down the tree, or to damage the sawmill equipment later processing the wood. (Commonly spikes are placed in areas above the base in order to bypass initial spike inspections. This form of tree spiking is not intended to harm loggers, it is designed to slow down sawmill production.) Furthermore, the presence of the spike reduces the commercial value of the wood by causing discoloration, thereby reducing the economic viability of logging in the long term, while not threatening the life of the tree. It is believed that tree spiking originated in timber logging labor disputes in the Pacific Northwest of the United States in the late 19th century. It came to prominence as a contentious tactic within unconventional environmentalist circles during the 1980s, after it was advocated by Earth First! co-founder Dave Foreman in his book ''Ecodefense''. In the book, he discusses how to do it and how to avoid risks to the activist and the logger. One injury possibly from tree spiking occurred in the United States in 1987. California mill worker George Alexander was seriously injured when the bandsaw he was operating was shattered by either an old nail or a tree spike. This led many progressive Earth First! groups to denounce tree spiking. Other activists were led to either reject this form of sabotage entirely, or take some precautions, such as putting warning signs in the area where the trees are being spiked. Tree spiking is condemned by opponents of eco-terrorism who claim it is potentially dangerous to loggers or mill-workers,〔(Ecoterrorism: The Dangerous Fringe of the Environmental Movement )〕 although only this one injury possibly resulting from tree spiking has been widely reported.〔 ==New Zealand== Beech trees that were being logged in 1998 in the Tuatapere area were spiked. Police were unable to trace those who were responsible. Pat O'Dea, while he was the mayor for the Buller District, suggested in 2000 that Native Forest Action (NFA) had spiked trees during a direct action campaign against native forest logging on the West Coast. This was denied by NFA spokesperson Dean Bagient-Mercer. In 1998 Kevin Smith from Forest and Bird had said that tree spiking was proposed by some individuals involved in the NFA campaign.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Tree spiking」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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